Ontario legal guide · Updated 2026-06-16
How to File a Human Rights Complaint in Ontario
The Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (HRTO) handles discrimination claims under the Ontario Human Rights Code. You file a Form 1 within one year of the last incident.
Step 1 — Confirm you're within 1 year
Calculate from the last discriminatory incident. Out-of-time applications can still proceed only if the delay was incurred in good faith and no substantial prejudice will result (s. 34(2)).
Step 2 — Identify the ground and social area
Both must be present: e.g. "disability" (ground) + "employment" (social area).
Step 3 — Draft Form 1
- Who, what, when, where for each incident.
- How the conduct connects to the protected ground.
- Remedies sought: monetary (injury to dignity), non-monetary (reinstatement, accommodation), public-interest.
Step 4 — File online
File through Tribunals Ontario Portal. Keep a copy. The respondent has 35 days to file a Form 2 response.
Step 5 — Mediation and hearing
Most cases are offered mediation. If unresolved, a hearing is scheduled (often 12–24 months out).
Need help with your case?
Free triage. No legal advice — procedural guidance only.
Frequently asked questions
What is the deadline to file at the HRTO?
One year from the last incident of discrimination (Code s. 34(1)). For a continuing series of incidents, the year runs from the most recent one.
What grounds are protected?
Race, ancestry, place of origin, colour, ethnic origin, citizenship, creed, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity/expression, age, marital/family status, disability, and (for housing/services) receipt of public assistance.
What social areas are covered?
Employment, housing, goods/services/facilities, contracts, and membership in vocational associations and trade unions.
Is there a filing fee?
No. Filing a Form 1 at the HRTO is free.
Do I need a lawyer?
No, but you can get free help from the Human Rights Legal Support Centre (HRLSC) at 1-866-625-5179.
Quorex provides legal information and procedural guidance, not legal advice. We are not a law firm. For legal advice, contact Legal Aid Ontario (1-800-668-8258) or a licensed lawyer or paralegal.